Sources And Distributions Of Heavy Metal

Proteases are also known as proteinases or proteolytic anzyme. In enzyme classification, proteases fall in group hydrolases. This class of enzyme catalyses cleavage reactions or reverse fragment condensations. A distinction is made between peptidases, esterases, lipases, glycosidases, phosphatases and so on according to the type of bond being cleaved.

The cleavage requires the participation of water molecule.Proteases act by hydrolyzing peptide bond of long protein chains into short fragments which are amino acid residues. There are 2 types of reactions involved in the cleavage of protein chain which are endopeptidases and exopeptidases. Endopeptidases allow splitting of peptide bond at internal linkage of amino acid residues such as trypsin which cleaves the bond after arginine or lysine amino acids while chymotrypsin cleaves after bond of phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine unless the both of their following amino acid is proline. The optimum pH of these enzyme is pH8.

However, exopeptidases allow cleavage of terminal amino acids in protein chain such as aminopeptidase which is present and secreted by glands of small intestine that cuts the bond from the aminoterminal while carboxypeptidase is present in pancreatic juice and functions by cleaving the bond at carboxylic end of peptide.

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