The viscosities are important dilemma and are potentially used in many cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations. Different fundamental polymer properties such as molecular weight, pH and melting points are interrelated to this dilemma (Jachowicz, 2004). As a result, The Viscosity can be controlled by alteration of these parameters. The present report explains the results obtained from the experiment carried out to study this dilemma. Aim To study of polymer viscosity and their relationship...

Maize is the third largest planted crop after wheat and rice. It is mostly used and traded as a leading feed crop but is also an important food staple. In addition to food and feed, maize has wide range of industrial applications as well; from food processing to manufacturing of ethanol. Maize grown is primarily of three types Grain or field Maize, Sweet Maize used mainly as food Popcorn. There are four types of Grain Maize: (a) Dent Maize has a pronounced depression or dent at the crown of the...

Molecular modeling is a collection of science and art that study molecular structure and function by using computational technique to generate a realistic model of molecule based on molecular properties and behavior. A special computer graphics application and viewer is required to study the image of molecular structure and chemical process. Normally, molecular modeling is applied in field that related to drug design and computational biology who focus on study of molecular structure, dynamic,...

During the last three decade, a variety of pharmaceuticals traces have been discovered in the environment (Kummerer, 2001). Pharmaceutical has exposed to the environment as parent compounds or their metabolites (Ternes et. al, 2001). They are affecting the ecosystems through the change of physical and chemical behaviour which can cause biological effect by interruption the chain food (Halling-Sørensen et. al, 1998). Pharmaceutical wastes end in the aquatic environment such as river,...

Lignans are an abundant class of plant phenol-derived natural products with important roles in defense against plant pathogens, as well as in pharmacology: in the latter case, many have significant antitumor, antiviral and antibacterial properties, with some others engendering health protective effects.[1] Several thousand lignans have been identified thus far, most of which are dimers derived (initially) via various distinct coupling modes between two achiral phenylpropanoid monomers....

Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) is produced by ovarian cancer cells suggesting its essential role in tumor progression. In this study, we report that FGF-2 treatment down-regulated E-cadherin by up-regulating its transcriptional repressors, Slug and ZEB1, in human ovarian cancer cells. Pharmacological inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and MEK suggested that both PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling are required for FGF-2 induced...

Cancer is commonly referred to disease which normal cells undergo abnormal cell proliferation and differentiation. These abnormalities are due to mutations to cell genes, thus producing oncogenes and causing the tumor suppressor genes to lose its functions. Nowadays cancer has become a common disease as many people have been diagnosed with it and is considered a major cause for mortality worldwide. World Health Organization has reported that cancer has caused 7.4 million mortalities in 2004. In...

Smooth muscle tissue, such as skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue, can undergo hypertrophy the increase in the volume of tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells. Smooth muscle fibres are usually involuntary i.e. not under conscious control, and they are nonstriated meaning smooth. In addition, certain smooth muscle fibres retain a capacity for division and can grow by a process known as hyperplasia, like those in the uterus of women.CardiacCardiac muscle tissue forms the bulk of the...

What is human-based genetic engineering? In order to understand human genetic engineering, here is a definition of a human gene: A human gene is a specific sequence of DNA molecules in the nuclei of living human cells that owes itself to creating a certain code or characteristic in a specific part of the body (an example of this would be: the genes found in the liver cells - hepatocytes - will be responsible for the unique functioning of the liver organ). It is therefore clear to deduce that...

Glucosinolates are a group of more than 120 secondary plant metabolites found throughout several plant families, including the Brassicaceae, Capareaceae and Caricaceae (Fahey et al. 2001). Glucosinolates are S rich, anionic natural products that upon hydrolysis by myrosinases produce several different products. The breakdown products of glucosinolates contribute to plant defense, human and livestock health, and the sensory quality of vegetables (Halkier & Gershenzon 2006). Glucosinolates...