The emergency and the development of both crime prevention and community safety have experienced a long history. According to Weatheritt (1986), there are 'two histories of crime prevention can be written'. The first history of crime prevention is achievement one, because of containing both theoretical support and institutional activities. Meanwhile, the officials praise crime prevention highly as the primary aim of policing. However, there is the other history of crime prevention: the...

This paper provides a concise summary of an international comparative study on the effects of religious affiliation and religiosity on attitudes to offending. This research investigates the relationship between religion and attitudes toward victimless crimes. It distinguishes between two aspects of religion that affect social norms, namely belonging to a particular religious organization and a person's religiosity. Furthermore it provides other conclusions from other research and also some...

Last week's brutal schoolyard murder of four Arkansas girls and a teacher was front page-news not only in America but all across Europe. British papers ran pictures of the cherubic suspects, aged 13 and 11, and the headlines reading MASSACRE BOYS COULD BE FREE AT 18. Roy Taylor, the headmaster of the Dunblane, Scotland school, where 16 children and their teacher were shot two years ago last month, expressed sadness and shock. Meanwhile, Germans and French were outraged by the report one of the...

Biochemistry is of great utility for Forensic Science investigations, with the biochemical technique of DNA fingerprinting being of particular importance. The development of the biochemical techniques for DNA sequencing allowed the genomes of organisms to be sequenced (Berg et al, 2002: Prelude). As a result, genetic markers can now be used to identify individual members of a population (James and Nordby, 2005: 283). This capacity is clearly beneficial in forensic investigations. However,...

Juvenile justice systems across the country are experiencing major challenges resulted in a failure to meet their original goal to change the deviant behavior of the juvenile delinquent by focusing on rehabilitation in order to ensure juveniles have an opportunity for a future life as a productive citizen. Despite this goal juvenile justice system, in many cases, has failed to rehabilitate the juvenile and instead have become more prone to placing juvenile delinquents in juvenile detention...

How many times have you ever driven by a police cruiser and saw a person, in handcuffs, riding along? These people vary in age from middle aged to elderly. The law does not discriminate against age. Some of those very people are juveniles (under the age of eighteen). But age aside, we probably never think twice about where they will end up, or what is to become of them. Every year "thousands of juveniles enter the justice system each and every year. New movements are allotting some...

Dorling and Simpson (1999) suggest that statistics are the 'arithmetic of politics.' Before Margaret Thatcher's political reign (1979-1990) crime was not considered a political issue. However, when Thatcher introduced crime (its trends and preventions) into her elective strategy, it became very much a political issue; political parties use 'crime' to gain votes; they present the problems and suggest solutions. In order to do this, data is needed to back up theories, which is why in recent...

Throughout society many citizens are faced with wrongful deaths of family members and friends. Lives are taken away from others because of peoples stupidity or even just tragic accidents. We as a nation face crimes like this too often and even though we hope for change it just may not happen. Back in 1975 my family experienced a tragedy in the death of my Great-uncle, who was murdered with a gun. This paper will explain the acts and events that led up to his death and the effect and impact it...

Vaccinations for travellers to Pakistan will depend on a number of factors, including but not limited to the amount of time spent in the country. Recommendations may differ for short-term and long-term visitors. It is advisable to consult with your travel health advisor to discuss your specific needs while in the country. Travellers with existing medical conditions should pack an ample supply of prescription and routine medications in their original packaging. It is recommended to have a...

In this essay I examined the ways in which the American penal system can be described as racist and the way it reflects the values of American society. In doing so, I first looked at racism within the context of American history and culture. During the 1900s, the new penal system introduced racial discrimination and segregation against the African Americans. Since the timeframe of my essay is the 21st century, the historic facts of the 20th century play an imperative role. I then moved on to...