Concrete would produce loud reverberating sound whereas carpet would absorb sound. A small Dark and loud space would evoke tension in the user where as a space meant to portray joy would be large, well lit and have proper acoustic values. Aural architecture plays many significant roles in various types of spaces such as musical, social, navigational, aesthetic and symbolic. In a musical space, the reverberation blends the note sequences into chords. In a social space it changes the distance...

Cwm Idwal (CI) is a Cirque: which is a glacially eroded semi circular steep walled basin, cirques commonly contain a lake this is what Llyn Idwal is. The Younger Dryas period was when CI was formed as a cirque, around 12,000 years ago, in the UK the event was called the Loch Lomond Stidial (The BBC, 2002). Various landforms that are associated with glacial and post-glacial are found in this area, with using a base map and Google Maps of the area we were able to determine some landforms before...

What is meant by the "world water crisis"? Critically assess the contribution of River Basin Management in addressing this crisis The worlds freshwater is commonly discussed in the literature as being a finite resource under increasing pressure from the greater demands being placed upon it globally (Postel 2000, Hamdey et al 2003, Oki and Kanae 2006, UNEP 2007). It has consequently become a highly contentious resource, and in recent years the focus of much debate on how best to manage...

INTRODUCTION Louis Kahn was one of the most renowned personalities of the 20th century Architecture. The impact that he made with some of his works was so remarkable that he was rightly compared with Corbusier and Mies Van Der Rohe. Louis Kahn's work made huge impact specifically on the younger generation who were more willing to try out the non-traditional way of designing buildings. Louis Kahn truly believed that all architects should thrive for unparalleled excellence which would help them...

Bullying, humiliation and exclusion are all part of the British culture.  How does this assertion sit with our duty to produce trained soldiers for the front line by running hard, relevant and fair training? Bullying, humiliation and exclusion are all part of the British culture.  How does this assertion sit with our duty to produce trained soldiers for the front line by running hard, relevant and fair training?  First, it is essential to understand that the larger British...

A sustainable building or green building is a structure that is designed, built, renovated, operated, or reused in an ecological and resource-efficient manner. It minimizes a structure's ecological footprint while maximizing its long-term social and economic contributions via a life-cycle approach that includes external factors. Green buildings are designed to meet certain objectives such as protecting occupant health; improving employee productivity; using energy, water, and other resources...

At the end of a decade that had seen much excess, what admired was the Ricola's deliberate formal restraint that culminated in the canonical - a category that recent architecture, in the conviction that it was unreachable, seemed to have discarded. Despite reduced dimensions, the Ricola warehouse is a manifesto. Architecture need neither depend on externalities (function or program) nor find personal expression, it should be the formal result of its own logic. Hence, in Ricola, the space that...

"The largest unregulated area in the world is oceans" - Adm Madhvendra Singh.1. An Ominous Amalgam. The growth of commercial shipping in Southeast Asia makes the challenge of piracy and maritime terrorism in the region alarming. The point to note, as stated by Khurana is, "there is transfusion from piracy to criminal activities to the terrorist direction. Indicator to this is the increasing number of pirate attacks, becoming more violent and the well-organised manner in which...

This chapter provides an introduction to the research project. The purpose of the study is explained, followed by the geographical context of the research. The case studies used in the comparative study are detailed, providing justification for selection. Lastly the research aims and objectives of the study are outlined to provide the developmental framework for the rest of the study. 1.1 The Resurging city and the urban renaissance In recent years, cities have shifted from spaces...

The city of Surprise, Arizona is located about forty five minutes west from the downtown Phoenix area. This city today is composed of a little over 100,000 residents living within this expanding city, which has become the 10th largest city in Arizona and the 7th largest city in Maricopa County, based on the US census (City of Surprise 2009). The median household income for a resident in the city of surprise is an estimated $60,198 dollars (2006), while there has been a small drop to $ 49,174 in...