From the beginning of the third meditation, Descartes seeks to establish the existence of god using his initial concept of self awareness. Descartes argued that because he thought, then he lived. The ability to think was at this time linked to being alive. He thinks that there must be a god who puts the thoughts in his mind. In his quest for something of indubitable truth, Descartes came up with the theory of ideas, which classified those things that he considered distinct and clear to be true....

Is evidence really important for us to carry out our daily life? Why do we need evidence? These are some questions that always been asked by people. We, the human beings are very curious almost about everything especially about the issues that have something got to do with us. Evidence can be in the form of anything based on how much you are really into that question and how curious you are to find out the truth. As has been said before, when someone makes a claim to know, it is legitimate for...

Everything in science has a motive. Whether that motive is positive or negative is often forgotten in science and yet it is what determines the fine line between improvement and destruction. Cloning in humans is a conflicting topic that involves a complex debate between ethics and the need for medical advancement. There are two major types of cloning, namely reproductive cloning and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Each type is distinct in what it can mean for the future of mankind. Each type of...

The tribunes had declined debating the subject of the Agrarian law with Cicero before the people, but attacked him with calumnies behind his back; saying that his opposition to the law proceeded from his affection to Sulla's party, and from a desire to secure to the members of it the properties which Sulla had granted to them, and that he was only making this opposition to this law out of a desire to pay court to those whom they called the seven tyrants, the two Luculli, Crassus, Catulus,...

In the modern world there have been many diseases, illnesses and epidemics that have been avoided due to the development of technology. Technology and scientific advancement led to the eradication of diseases such as German measles, polio, and small pox to name a few. Each of these discoveries and advancements had its own challenges to overcome just a stem cell research does today. In its own time the birth control pill was considered immoral. One of the most recent successful developments...

Our lives are often put into the hands of others. We trust our lives to strangers everyday: when we drive on the road, walk down the street, or get on a bus. In "Phaedo," Socrates' life lies in the hands of the jury, who ultimately votes to end his life. However, Socrates seems unperturbed that his verdict will soon be carried out. This leaves readers to wonder, does Socrates want to die? However, Socrates says not to actively seek death, but to accept it when it comes. This is...

This essay will begin from the premise that, far from advocating a collectivist contract of society and sacrificing the individual to such state, Rousseau's Social Contract establishes protective measures for the individual through the conception of the 'general will'. Firstly, an exploration of the content and main features of Rousseau's Social Contract will be undertaken, before a critical evaluation of its relation to the protection of the individual in society will be offered, principally...

The present article attempts to determine the formlessness of ethics among Iranians in the selection of job orientations. In other words the present article illustrates that regardless of the materialistic or immaterialist approach that Iranians may adopt (in the sense provided by Ingelhart), they consider the materialistic aspects of job ethics as well as meta-ethics in the most significant aspect of social life which is the revenue earning process. The first section of the article provides a...

Friendship, Aristotle believes is the best and most important virtue a person can have. In his eyes, it is something of a necessity to our lives which we cant live without. In our daily lives, friendships makeup our existence and without them according Aristotle, we can't function to our fullest potentials in places like school, work, home, church and other places. Aristotle brings up three unique types of friendships which are utility, pleasure and virtue. Without friendship we would have...

This paper has been written with the purpose of providing the reader with an insight into the development of the atomic model from Rutherford and Bohr's theories to our modern or 'quantum' atomic model and our use of quantum numbers in explaining electron orbitals and shells in atoms. Introduction From early models of the atom such as Rutherford's nuclear atom proposed in 1911[1] to the improved model Bohr put forth in 1913, applying recently developed quantum physics to introduce the idea of...