Confidence-building measures in some form or another have been around since organised, large-scale violence began - Kanti Bajpai Confidence-Building Measures (CBMs) are those steps or agreements on which states agree with mutual benefits in mind, and have faith that all concerned shall obey such agreements. These steps or agreements ultimately develop trust between the signatory states and help in achieving peace and stability in the region. [] Limiting or reducing the level of fear...

Abstract With a view to critically evaluating the extent to which international environmental law has proved to have impacted upon climate change via the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (henceforth, the Kyoto Protocol) 1997, it is necessary to first look to show an appreciation of the fact that the concept of saving the environment was introduced by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 1992. The reason for this is that, as...

This paper underlines the importance of understanding that only setting laws for regulating lobbying practices as anti-corruption measures is not enough. Making the practice as transparent as possible is the key to reach out to civil society. This paper will focus on the lobbying system in Lithuania, where despite having lobbying laws/ regulation of interest groups it has been unsuccessful in integrating the support of civil society. I argue that this is due to the lack of transparency in the...

Politics among nations is a book based on the theory of realism. Realists believe that a man is selfish and egoistic and his ultimate goal is his self interest. Hans.J Morgenthau the author of this book was born in 1904 and died in 1979. He was an American citizen. He is known as the father of political realism. This book purports to present a theory of international politics. The test by which such a theory must be judged is not a priori and abstract nut empirical and pragmatic. The theory in...

Democracy is the most favorable form of government in today's world. It's being said that we all should work hand in hand in order to make decisions on certain political matters and that can only be made possible through participation which is voting. Our right to vote is guaranteed in Canada under section 3 of Charter of Rights and freedoms [] but many people don't exercise this right. But if they had not been granted this right, they probably will feel offended and divested....

In 2010, Freedom House, the independent watchdog organization dedicated to promoting global freedom reported that 123 of the 192 recognized countries in existence practiced an established electoral democracy (up from 40 in 1972)[1]. This represents over half of the world's total population. Fundamentally then, in order to maintain a democratic government, provision must be made for every eligible individual to vote in an election to determine leadership. The structure and bias involved in...

"Democracy has been one of the greatest aspirations of Modernity and one of its greatest disappointments. The passing of centuries between the collapse of the Ancient Greek precursor and the reestablishment of democracy as a viable system makes its recent globalisation all the more remarkable. The revival of democracy was achieved in part through the victories of social movements over entrenched interests." (Esche 2001: 17) It is true that social movements were determinant for the...

NATO'S policy on training the Afghan soldiers can actually be narrowed down to the role NATO plays in supporting the growth of the ANSF through the NATO Training Mission-Afghanistan. The Mission of the NTM-A is to generate the Afghan National Security Forces, and to develop capable ministerial systems and institutions. The NTM-A role includes overall training the all elements of the Afghan security forces. As well as that NTM-A overall aim is to help build the sustainable capacity and...

In the book of Joseph S. Nye, "The Paradox of American Power: Why the World's Only Superpower Can't Go It Alone, he shows a complete analysis of the elements contained in formulating consistent foreign policy in the post Cold War world. Nye obtains a relaistic thery for analyzing the countless forces at play. The forces which are effective on the foreign policy areas. . This permission to relevant groups, parties to talk at the same language. So, Nye everytime frames the matters for...

Postcolonialism is primarily concerned with the south, the subaltern and its past because as Abrahamsen argues, "Any understanding of contemporary IR requires a careful account of the multiple and diverse power relationships that link the North and the South, both in the colonial past and the postcolonial present." (Abrahamsen, 2007) Postcolonialism finds its origins in work done with a view to give a voice to the history of the south and the subaltern that was not heard as it was...