A Health Care Collaborating System Hccs Computer Science

Systems are created to solve problems we can think of the systems approach as an organized way of dealing with a problem. In this dynamic world, the subject System Analysis and Design (SAD). A collection of components that work together to realize some objectives forms a system. Basically there are three major components in every system, namely input, processing and output. Many organizations consider a collaborative system as a means to achieve higher productivity and improve the quality of their work products (Padgett, 2003).

A collaborative Business Process Redesign (BPR) appears to be a promising strategy for organizations to improve their products and services. BPR starts with a thorough understanding of the business processes of an organization (see e.g. Giaglis, 2001 for details). With this aim, the partners may share their expertise and develop a reference model that can be employed as benchmark for their Business Process and as a template for business process management. Healthcare environments have been involved in these changes too. Although hospital processes are complex and not very well known or categorized, the way to build a systemic view of hospital activities starts with the modeling of processes (Staccini et al, 2000). Weisman and Anthony (1999) concluded that there are four ways that knowledge is transferred: involvement (participation in learned organization such as trade societies), association (formal or informal interactions with others), experience (knowledge acquired through implicit learning), and direct education (formal learning pursuits).

Despite of the importance of the individual process modeling, the need of enabling continuity of care among different hospitals and other healthcare providers has led hospitals and health systems to try harmonizing their information systems.

The focus of manage the information system will be on people and services, while using technology as the key enabler to provide an accessible, integrated, high-quality and affordable system that is recognized as one of the world's best. The goals of this new system were to improve access and outcomes for people seeking services while eliminating administrative duplication and increasing efficiency.

There many Types of Integration in health sectors firstly, functional integration which key support functions and Functional activities (e.g. financial management, human resources logy management, strategic management, information technology, , quality improvement) are coordinated across operating unit so as to add the greatest overall to the system . Secondly, physician The extent to which physicians and the organized delivery systems with which they are associated agree on the aims and purposes of the system and work together to achieve mutually shared objectives. Lastly, Clinical which content the care are coordinated across people, functions, activities, and sites over time so as to maximize the value of services delivered to patients.

Hospital Management & Information System (HMIS) is the next-generation MIS that is powerful, flexible & easy to use and has been designed & developed to deliver real conceivable benefits to hospitals. Most benefits comes from HIMS are provides an effective solution to hospitals that plan to reduce the costs of administrative and clinical transactions, and at the same time, provide better service to their consumers, By enabling an automated and intelligent flow of patient information, improved image of the hospital and increased competitive advantage, and increase the profitability of the organization with providing easier way to integrate with others .

RELATED WORKS

Allina hospital is non-private organization which provide the healthcare online services via collaborative system. It is contents 11 hospital, 47 clinics , 55 affiliated clinics and specially care center , 15 pharmacies, and 3 ambulatory care centers. Allina hospital decide to work under technology to provide a better communication between has people inside and with other organization outside . Its implement the collaborative software system via online standard called SharePoint Online. The benefits for Allina's was reduce the cost and time of collaboration, burden on its IS department to provide collaboration capabilities , and increase the reliabilities ,confidence ,and Use (13) .

The work of the Enhancing Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Primary Health Care (EICP) Initiative is focused on how to create the conditions for health professionals to work together in the most effective and efficient way so that they can produce the best health outcomes for individuals and their families-the patients, clients and consumers of our national health system. The Initiative, spearheaded by a Steering Committee of 10 national health care associations and a health care coalition, brings together leaders, health professionals and key stakeholders in Canada's primary health care system in a change process designed to facilitate more interdisciplinary collaboration. "Interdisciplinary collaboration refers to the positive interaction of two or more health professionals, who bring their unique skills and knowledge, to assist patients/clients and families with their health decisions." (Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists (CAOT), 2005) A primary health care (PHC) system involves health professionals working together and delivering care within the context of the broader determinants. A PHC system coordinates and integrates services to respond to the health status of the population. It includes illness prevention, health promotion, diagnosis and management of health concerns. It encourages the use of the health professional(s) from the most appropriate health discipline(s) to maximize the potential of all health resources (adapted from Marriot and Mable, 2002)(14)

The Quality Worklife-Quality healthcare collaborative (QWQhc) is a coalition of health leaders working together to create healthier workplaces and ultimately improve patient care. Through national action and knowledge exchange, we are building a healthy workplace strategy that will benefit health care providers, administrators, users, and the system as a whole. health system for sharing information and coordinating actions on human resources practices and quality of work life issues. The QWQHC offers a unique opportunity to the health system to fill this gap: (1) our partnership model reaches many audiences across the health system; (2) our scope spans jurisdictions, health sectors, and disciplines; and (3) our framework links quality of work life to quality of health care, enabling a comprehensive and approach to addressing health human resources and system sustainability.(15)

A number of tools, evaluation and research processes have been utilized successfully for the planning, implementation and evaluation of collaborative practice. Researchers, managers, policy makers and clinicians should work together to create, share and use all forms of this evidence. Both the excluded literature and the feedback through the environmental scan echo the evidence regarding the determinants of, and outcome measures associated with, effective collaboration. These outcomes are difficult to achieve, and there are a substantial number of tools and processes to support and evaluate interprofessional collaboration, with baseline information in some jurisdictions. primary healthcare providers who work in an interprofessional collaborative manner develop enhanced knowledge and skills [16].

CHALLENGES OF HEALTH COLLABORATIVE SYSTEM

Since the 1990s, knowledge and understanding of the global public health picture have improved following important investments in data collection. Despite this, a huge gap remains between what public health professionals actually know and what they need to know to improve the health of the world's population()

Another essential step in strengthening health information systems will be to link information production to use. Users of health information include those delivering care and those responsible for managing and planning health programmes both within countries health and finance ministries) and outside (donors, development banks and technical support agencies)()

This will be a technically and politically demanding challenge, and knowledge and experience must increasingly be pooled if progress is to be made. Across all sectors broad-based consensus-building will be crucial as much of the data needed by the health sector is generated by other()

The resources now needed for strengthening health information systems will typically come from constrained national budgets, and countries will have to sustain the long-term investments required. Health information systems should be made responsive to the needs and requirements of all institutions concerned, within one comprehensive plan developed with widespread collaboration ()

Health sector reforms also magnify the need for standardization and quality of information, presenting a further challenge to national health authorities. Data are often collected without being analyzed critically or turned into information that can be used for day-to-day management or longer-term planning. Meanwhile, health workers are overburdened by excessive data and reporting demands from multiple and poorly coordinated subsystems()

Measuring health is conceptually and technically complex, requiring statistical, public health and biomedical knowledge and expertise unique to each disease or programme area. Accurate measurement depends upon the availability of disease-specific biometric

tests, clinical diagnoses, and the feasibility of measuring population behaviors and the coverage of health services. As a result, health statistics may vary greatly in terms of scientific soundness, usability and timeliness [11]

In general, health information required for national and international use is not adequate and often, is not timely for effective and efficient management. The information collected is from MOH facilities only and hence incomplete for analysis for population health status from the whole country perspective. The current HMIS data collected is based on formats developed for a predominantly annual system of data collection. Over time, additional information requirements to monitor the new activities have resulted in adhoc collection of information. This has resulted in use of data sets which are non-standardized, where the data definition used were different, values varied. Data for research is collected by different research organization for specific purposes. The private sector hospitals are required to submit returns as per Private hospitals Act regulation .however the quality and timeliness of the data is so varied between hospitals thus causing problems for meaningful data analysis. Currently there is very little provision for information collection from private clinics and NGOs

HEALTH COLLABRATIVE: CASE STUDY:

Malaysia is composed of Peninsular Malaysia and the states of Sabah and Sarawak on the island of Borneo with a population of 27.7 million in 2008. In 2007, life expectancy at birth was 71.7 years for men and 76.5 years for women. Malaysia has a young population, with 32.0% below the age of 15 years, while those 65 years or older are about 4.4%. The population is comprised of 58% Malay, 25% Chinese, and 7% Indian. Since 1990, Malaysia has been a middle-income and emerging multisectoral economy transformed from a producer of raw materials. Per capita income has increased to US$ 6 725 and the incidence of poverty has been reduced to less than 6.0%.

Health care in Malaysia is provided by the public and private sectors and nongovernmental organizations. The major provider and financier of health services is the Ministry of Health (MOH). Basic health care through health facilities is currently available to and accessible to more than 95 % of the population of Peninsular Malaysia and about 70 % of the population in Sabah and Sarawak. Secondary and tertiary care services are now widely available in government hospitals and private hospitals across the country. In 2005, there were 2,877primary health care clinics, 125 public hospitals (including institutions) under the MOH and 9,410 doctors working in public hospitals

Health system will be able to support the access to right information at the right time to make the right life style choices. Access to an individual's, longitudinal medical and health record will support continuity in care. The use of ICT as an enabler to further improve health care delivery is being planned within the following context

Informed and knowledge individual and population that will give consumers more access and involvement in healthcare decision making and be more responsible in taking care of their own health. A proactive wellness and illness management through competent and knowledgeable healthcare providers . The delivery of service in a networked environment based on care network concept. Sharing of information and resources shall be the thrust for efficient and effective delivery of services.

There will be a provision for services to be offered from home where applicable where patients can have access to health information and being able to interact with healthcare providers through multimedia network. The thrust for the government to strengthen the Health information Management system in the country in order to achieve the goals set in the plan period provides an impetus in moving forward towards an Integrated Health Information Management System .In order to ensure greater compliance by all stake holders the National Health Policy on Health Information Management is absolutely essential. Such issues can only be addressed through a National Coordinating Body responsible for the collection and storage of all health and health related information. The membership should be drawn from all stakeholders to allow for ownership and accountability amongst all interested parties. Such a mechanism will also provide a forum to accommodate the specific needs of all stakeholders. The information needed for research, policy planning and outcomes measurement should be built integral to all operating systems developed deployed in the country .A national approach for the coordination of health information in the country will allow for maximizing the potential of various initiatives implemented in the country and therefore will allow to maximize the ICT investments for purposes of making available accurate quality information meant for all types of user.[12]

The healthcare quality paradigm requires not only the measurement of the outcomes of processes, but also the assessment of the means used to perform activities throughout each identified process. The needs for subsequent improvements in healthcare delivery, as for the reduction of variations in practices, stress the necessity for a continuous traceability of all care activities, and the detection, measurement and prevention of adverse events occurring during or after healthcare delivery (Staccini et al, 2000).[17]

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