Immigration reform is a controversial topic, various policies have been enacted in the past which have survived or ceased to exist, serving as learning experiences for our nation, and nations wishing to immigrate to the United States. While the number of undocumented workers in the United States cannot be accurately measured, it is believed that twelve-million to twenty-million people are affected by immigration laws, the former being the popular statistic according to various web cites...

Freese Meland Relationship The phenomenon under investigation The phenomenon under investigation in Freese and Meland research is the waist to hip ratios (WHR) of women appearing in centrefold magazines and American beauty pageant winners, they are interested in the relationship between two variables. For clarity the waist to hip ratios is the measured by the ratio of the circumference of the waist to that of the hips. This measurment indicates the proportion of fat that is distributed around...

Social exclusion is defined as ' a shorthand term for what can happen when people or areas suffer from a combination of linked problems such as unemployment, poor skills, low income, poor housing, high crime environments, bad health, poverty and family breakdown' (SEU 1999). It is a key part in the Labour government's terminology in which they aim to tackle the problem of social exclusion by increasing social inclusion. The role of housing if often closely linked when discussing social...

If we are to maintain and improve the quality of our own lives and pass that quality on to future generations, we must use finite natural resources in an efficient way without waste, and protect the natural environment to enhance the ability of future generations to maintain and improve their lives." (Housing Corporation. 2008) There are mainly two definitions of sustainability which are related to 'Planning Field', the first one says, "Development that meets the needs of the present...

The informal economy defined to 'include all economic units that are not regulated by the state and all economically active persons who do not receive social protection through their work' (ILO 2002), is as perennial and ubiquitous as human society. Discourse on it however, came to light in the early seventies with various studies in third world countries. Notwithstanding its inescapable nature, conceptualization and definition has been a problem for policy makers as well as those within...

Besides, Dean outlined two conceptual frameworks for welfare rights, including doctrinal concept and claims-based concept. Doctrinal concept 'ensured equal opportunity through the redistribution of opportunities, rather than outcomes'. Claims-based concept 'demanded not merely formal equality of status, but the actual redistribution of resources'. Moreover, Dwyer (2004) pointed out there are four principles underpinning welfare rights, including universalism, selectivism, contributory/social...

Using the very large variation in the inflow of immigration across the states of US and other countries states we examine the force of immigration employment, average working hours, money growth and one most important, the total factors efficiency. At the same time we find striking proof that the total factors of increased productivity. These are some of the very robust reasons of controlling for many other determinants of efficiency that may vary with topography such as R&D ...

The following paper takes a closer look at the Budget system in Republic of Macedonia (hereinafter Macedonia). It looks at the different legislation that surrounds the budget cycle in Macedonia, such as the Budgets Law, Law on Execution of the Budget, Law on Accounting of the Budget and Budgets Users as well as refers to other laws that support the evaluation. The main goal is to evaluate the existing budget system looking through the ten principles defined in the OECD Journal of Budgeting...

The term public private partnership is a relationships between public and private sectors in the provision of infrastructure and other services. Other terms used for this type of activity include private sector participation (PSP) and privatization. Public private partnership is a leasing arrangement, a private company or a group of companies undertake to finance and build an asset, and in some cases run the assets and provide a service associated with it, in exchange of annual fee under a...

BRIC, is an acronym apparent first used in Goldman Sachs investment bank by Jim O'Neill in 2001. It contains four largest and fastest growing emerging economies (Brazil, Russia, India and China). (Goldmann Sachs, 2003) All the four countries have some common features, as Havlik et al (2009) state, including large territory and population, low income level but fast economic growth. The four countries encompass over 25% of the world's land coverage and 40% of the world's population,...